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    National Vector Born Disease Control Programme -NVBDCP

    • Date : 17/04/2025 -

    Introduction

    Malaria Control Programme is being implemented in the State since 1953. The mile stones of the programme are as under,

    1953: National Malaria Control Programme

    1958: National Malaria Eradication Programme

    1977: Modified Plan of Operation

    1979: Multipurpose Worker Scheme

    1995: Implementation of Malaria Action Plan-1995

    1997: Implementation of Enhanced Malaria Control Project in tribal districts EMCP.

    1999: National Anti-Malaria Programme

    2004: National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme

    2021: National centre for Vector Borne Disease Control

     

    Objectives of the Programme –

    In the period of 1953 to 1958 National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) was established. In 1958 NMCP is converted to National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) in Maharashtra state. Since in 1965 it is observed that there was rise in trend of Malaria cases, the Modified Plan of Operation was implemented from 1977.From 2004 all vector borne diseases are under the one umbrella of NCVBDC.

    Objectives Of the Modified Plan of Operation –
    1. To reduce morbidity and mortality due to malaria.
    2. To prevent deaths due to malaria.
    3. Industrial & Agricultural Development activities should not be affected due to malaria.
    4. The gains achieved so far should be maintained.
    5. Early detection & complete treatment.
    6. Interrupt transmission
    7. Vector control means by entomological, biological, chemical means
    8. Integrated vector management
    9. Case based & evidence based study

    There was tremendous decrease in malaria cases till 1986 due to the above scheme. But there after again there was light increase in malaria cases as well as deaths due to malaria. This increase was observed not only in Maharashtra State but also in other states of country, hence in Dec.1994 GOI established a Expert Committee. Instructions were given by this committee to identify high risk area from different state in implement special control measures in these areas. As per recommendation of this committee anti malaria programme is being implemented in the state as per guidelines of GOI from Malaria Action Programme 1995. From April 1999 scheme was renamed as National Anti-Malaria Programme. As per GOI order No. T.14020/71/2003-Mal.Dated 2ed Dec. 2003, diseases spread by insects Malaria, Filaria, Dengue, JE, Kala Azar and Chikungunya ( Cases detected in Maharashtra since  2006) prevention & control measures is being implemented together as NVBDCP.

    Goals of NVBDCP:
    1. Reduction of mortality on account of Malaria, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.) & efficient morbidity control.
    2. Elimination of Malaria by 2030.
    3. Elimination of Filaria by 2027.

     

    • Malaria :

    Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Plasmodium Vivax & Falciparum are two major parasites found in the State. P. Falciparum Malaria is more dangerous as it may lead to cerebral Malaria. It is transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquito.

     

    1. Malaria Situation of the state since 2022:
    Year Positive cases PF Deaths P.F. %
    2022 15451 8983 26 58. 15​
    2023 16159 6297 19 38. 93​
    2024 21078 8832 26 41. 89​
    2025

    (Until April 14 )

    		 2400 961 0 40. 04​

     

    • Dengue :

    Dengue is a viral disease. It is transmitted by the bite of infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito. Man develops disease after 5-6 days of being bitten by an infective mosquito. It occurs in three forms: – 1) Dengue Fever 2) Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). 3) Dengue shock syndrome (DSS).  Dengue Fever is a flu-like illness. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) & Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) are more severe form of disease, which may cause death.

     

    1. Dengue situation of the state since 2022:
    Year Blood samples tested Dengue positive Death
    2022 85961 8578 27
    2023 134108 19034 55
    2024 152397 19385 40
    2025 (until April 14) 21096 1273 0

     

    • Chikungunya:

    In India Aedes Aegypti is the principal vector of this virus. The clinical features of Chikungunya (CHK) are fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, rash & arthralgia.

      

    • Chikungunya Situation of the state since 2022 :
    Year Serum samples examined Serological +ve CHK cases Death
    2022 14758 1087 0
    2023 30892 1702 0
    2024 57453 5854 0
    2025 (until April 14) 9981 616 0

     

     

    • Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.)/ AES / Chandipura / Zika :

    Japanese Encephalitis is a disease of Public Health importance because of its epidemic potential and high Case Fatality Rate. It is mosquito borne zoonotic disease. It is primarily the disease of rural agricultural areas where mosquitoes proliferate in close association with pigs & other animal reservoirs. Its epidemics have also been reported in peri-urban & urban areas where similar conditions may exist.

     

    • JE /Chandipur/Zika Situation of the State since 2022:
    Year J. E. Chandipura A.E.S. Zika.
    Patient Death Patient Death Patient Death Patient Death
    2022 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
    2023 5 0 0 0 1 1 18 0
    2024 4 2 0 0 1 1 140 0
    2025 (until April 14) 0 0 0 0 0 0  

    0

    		  

    0

     

    • Filaria/ Elephantiasis:
    1. A) National Filaria Control Programme –

    The National Filaria Control Programme Programme was started in the state in 1957. 18 districts in the state are affected by elephantiasis. The districts are Chandrapur , Gadchiroli , Gondia , Bhandara , Nagpur , Wardha , Amravati , Yavatmal , Latur , Nanded , Osmanabad , Sindhudurg , Nandurbar, Solapur , Akola , Jalgaon , Thane and Palghar. Elephantiasis is a disease caused by parasites called Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. This parasite enters the human body through the bite of Culex mosquitoes .

    1. B) Elephantiasis symptoms –

    In the early stages of this disease, fever and body aches occur. The parasites of elephantiasis cause obstruction in the lymphatic vessels and glands , due to which after a few years the patients’ hands and feet become swollen and in male patients the ovaries become swollen . This disease does not kill the patient, however, the severe swelling of the feet/ovaries endangers his social , emotional and financial life.

    1. c) Elephantiasis – preventive and control measures –
    2. I) Elephantiasis Survey – Every year, a survey of patients with elephantiasis and hydrocele is conducted in the state from 16th to 31st August.
    • The information on elephantiasis patients in the state since 2022 is as follows.
    Year Elephantiasis cases Hydrocele cases Total cases
    August 16 to 31, 2022 30334 7256 37590
    August 16 to 31, 2023 30894 5229 36123
    August 16 to 31, 2024 28475 2879 31354

     

    1. II) Treatment of patients infected with elephantiasis – The blood samples tested for elephantiasis survey in the last 3 years and the number of patients newly found infected with elephantiasis are as follows.
    Year Blood samples tested Number of patients infected with elephantiasis
    2022 1175640 563
    2023 1135933 375
    2024 1278090 324
    2025 (end of February) 106855 21

     

    III ) Hydrocele Surgeries:-

    Patients with hydrocele due to elephantiasis are identified and hydrocele surgery is performed. The statistics on surgery in the state since 2022 are as follows.

    Year Number of hydrocele surgeries
    2022 3282
    2023 3298
    2024 2084
    2025 ( end of February ) 151

     

    • PLAGUE CONTROL PROGRAMME : Maharashtra State

    Suspected Plague outbreak occurred at Mamla village of Beed District, during August/September 1994 in Maharashtra State. During that period 634 Serum samples were found positive for Plague in different 21 Districts of the State. Considering this situation, Plague Control Unit was re-established in the State as per GR No. PHD/EPD/1094/CR-56 Dated 3.10.1994. The head quarter for Plague Control Unit for Maharashtra state is at Pune and is under the control of Joint Director of Health Services, (Malaria, Filaria& Water Borne Diseases), Pune.

    Since 1994 regular surveillance for Plague is being carried out by Plague Control Unit at Mamla and its peripheral villages of District Beed, so also surveillance had been carried out in Plague problematic districts during 1994, such as District Latur, Osmanabad, Satara, Solapur and Pune and surveillance is also being carried out in the districts from where nuisance of Flea is reported

     

    • Preventive measures for insect-borne diseases :

    1). Malaria Preventive Measures :            

    The various anti-flood measures being implemented in the state under the guidelines of the Central Government are as follows:

    1. A) Surveillance:
    2. Collection and Examination of Blood Smears for Malaria
    3. Surveillance for detection of new malaria cases through MPWs up to village level.
    4. Regular Entomological survey through MPWs.
    5. Involvement of ASHA Worker for control of vector borne diseases at local level.
    6. B) Laboratories:
    7. One Laboratory Technician for each tribal PHC
    8. In Non-tribal area one Laboratory Technician is available for 2-3 PHCs
    9. Availability of Laboratory Technician at District, Sub-District, Women’s Hospital & RH level.
    10. One Laboratory Technician for each PHC has been sanctioned in new infrastructure.
    11. Supply of Malaria rapid diagnostic test kits for immediate confirmation of malaria cases from remote and inaccessible area.
    12. Training to ASHA for detection of P.falciparum.
    13. Establishment of 89 Sentinel Surveillance Hospitals (SSH) for diagnosis of Malaria.
    14. C) Vector Control:

    Indoor Residual Spraying: As per the guidelines of Malaria Action Plan 1995, the state considers village as unit for Indoor Residual Spraying with Synthetic Parathyroid, and under strict supervision of field staff.

    Year Sprayed population (%)
    2022 97. 51​
    2023 96.00​
    2024 96. 26​
    2025 –

    Anti-Larval Activity:

    15 towns viz. Mumbai, Pune, Aurangabad, Beed, Nanded, Parbhani, Dhule, Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Nasik, Ahmednagar, Manmad, Solapur, Pandharpur, and Akola are included under the Urban Malaria Scheme & 17 National Filaria Control units. Main activity of UMS is weekly anti-larval measures with Temephos & BTI.

    Biological Control Activity: Due to environmental pollution created by insecticides, State has adopted Biological Control Method. Under biological control activity 11056 Guppy Fish hatcheries have been established and 99079 mosquito-breeding places are covered with Guppy fish so far.

    Insecticide Treated Bed nets: Under personal protection methods the use of Medicated Mosquito nets has shown good results in bringing down malaria situation in selected villages. In State, 5,04,000 LLIN have been distributed in malaria problematic area. Out of that 1,91,000 have been distributed in malaria problematic area of Dist. Gadchiroli.

    Entomological Survey: Regular entomological survey in 10% houses through MPWs in the villages under their jurisdiction has been arranged which will be helpful for control of Aedes Aegypti larval density which is vector of dengue / Chikungunya.

    1. D) Training: TOT workshop on “New Dengue Clinical Management” for Physicians & Pediatricians is completed & they trained MO/Paramedical staff in their jurisdiction.
    2. E) Monitoring & Evaluation: Monitoring & Evaluation by field visits from State / Districts / Taluka / PHC level officers for the proper implementation of the Programme.
    3. F) IEC:
    • World Malaria Day (25 April) & National Dengue Day (16 May) were celebrated
    • Anti-Malaria Month & Anti Dengue Month-Every year during the month of June “Anti Malaria Month” and July “Anti Dengue Month” is observed with various activities (one day one activity) up to the village level to create awareness among the community.
    • School Dengue Awareness Campaign-During the month of August (1-15) School Dengue Awareness Campaign is organized to create awareness amongst the students of 8th to 10th standard.
    • During Ganeshoutsav & Navratroutsav awareness about VBDs will be carried out amongst the community.
    • Various activities – Padyatra, Gram sabha, Prabhatpheri, Workshop, training, Newspaper, Handbills, wall painting, Akashwani, Doordarshan cable, T.V. etc.

     

    2). Dengue, Chikungunya Preventive Measures :

    The following measures are being implemented to control the dengue and chikungunya epidemic.

    • Fever patient survey is conducted by health workers , health nurses , and ASHA.
    • To diagnose dengue fever, blood samples are taken from fever patients and suspected patients are given complete presumptive treatment.
    • Patients diagnosed with influenza are given comprehensive and full-term treatment.
    • If the blood samples are found to be negative for influenza , blood samples of suspected fever patients are taken and sent to NIV Pune / selected 50 sentinel centers in the state for virus testing.
    • Samples of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are also sent to NIV Pune for testing to identify the type of virus.
    • Fogging is done in the affected areas.
    • The dewormer Temiphos is used in water bodies where mosquitoes are found in the house and surroundings. Guppy fish are released into the permanent water bodies.
    • The public is provided with health education on the following topics related to dengue fever.
    • Cover the water storage containers tightly. Set aside one dry day in the week and empty the water storage containers on that day , scrub them and use them to refill with water.
    • Disposing of useless items from the house and surroundings, such as broken pipes , tires , pots ,etc.
    • Training:- Training of trainers in “New Dengue Management Treatment Method ” was given to physicians , These trainers have trained the medical officers and hospital staff of their departments.
    • National Dengue Day (16th May) was observed.
    • Dengue Prevention Month July:- As per the guidelines of the Central Government, Dengue Prevention Month is being implemented among the public in the month of July through various activities.
    • School Dengue Awareness Campaign – A school dengue awareness campaign is being implemented in the month of August for the prevention and control of dengue among children of classes 8th to 10th in secondary schools.
    • 50 sentinel centers have been established in the state for the diagnosis of dengue/chikungunya disease.
    • JE: 5 sentinel centers have been established in the state for the diagnosis of the disease.

     

    3). JE (Encephalitis) Preventive Measures-

    In the State JE Routine Immunization Campaign is carried out in Amravati, Yavatmal, Washim, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gadchiroli & Amravati Corp. of Vidarbha division as well as in Latur & Beed of Marathawada division.

    1. Collection of Blood Smears & presumptive treatment with Chloroquine.
    2. Collection of blood serum samples for isolation of JE virus.
    3. Entomological studies.
    4. Fogging in the JE affected villages.
    5. IEC: Health Education regarding seriousness of J.E., cleanliness and control on pig population.
    6. Survey to find out natural breeding places, and introduction of Guppy fish in suitable breeding places.

    4). Filaria Control Activities:

    1. Surveillance.
    2. Organization of Hydrocele operation camps for suitable patients
    3. Introduction of Guppy fish in breeding places.
    4. Spraying on mosquito breeding places with Abate, Baytex, & MLO.
    5. Morbidity clinics for Filaria patients.
    6. Minor Engineering.
    7. Health Education

    5). Activities carried out under Plague Control Programme are as under:

    1. Domestic and sylvasticrat’s collection & collection of fleas on them during regular survey in the Plague foci villages.
    2. Identification of Rodents’ density and flea index.
    3. Dissection of rodents and collection of their organs and blood serum samples.
    4. Inspite of this, serum samples collection of sylvastic dogs in the village.
    5. All organ samples, blood serum samples and fleas are sent to The National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Bangalore, for further investigation.
    6. Dusting of Malathion 5 % is done in rodent burrow and surrounding areas, where flea index is reported more than one.

    Due to effective implementation of above said activities epidemic of Plague and incidence of sudden Rat fall are not noticed since 1995.

    Beneficiary:

    नागरीक

    Benefits:

    वरीलप्रमाणे

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